The gradual destruction of the articular structure of the knee, followed by deformation of bone and femur bone tissue, is called knee joint arthrosis, symptoms and treatment, and the mechanism of disease progression is similar to other arthrosis (pelvic, ankle). It can be one -way or bilateral. In the second case, the disease is becoming more difficult, as the possibility of recovery is reduced by half, and one is faster to lose its extent.
The second name of the disease is gonarthrosis (by localization). Unlike arthritis, characterized by acute inflammation, gonarthrosis develops chronically and leads to complete joint immobility, only sometimes shows signs of inflammation.
Cause
Often, knee joint arthrosis (symptoms and treatment) is not caused by one reason, but with their combination.
The most common:
- Microtraumas recurrent articular structures associated with large loads of the knee (characteristics of professions, professional sports);
- knee injury, damage to meniscus (after accident, severe shot);
- As a result of arthritis, especially in combination with other factors;
- congenital defects in knee joint development;
- flat feet;
- skeletal deformation (spinal curvature);
- overweight;
- hormone changes (menopause, diabetes);
- Long pressure etc.
You can find out what the difference between arthritis and arthrosis in this article is.
All about the knee joint arthralgia is here.
Symptoms of arthrosis of the knee joint
Depending on the severity of the symptoms, the development of the disease is divided into 3 stages. Symptoms of early development of gonarthrosis are very different and have no specific. In the first stage of the pathology, the following signs are possible:
- Knee pain during jongs, walking up the stairs;
- pain in the joints after a long load or cooling;
- The knees may be sick at the end of the day or in the morning;
- Stock and pain in the morning passes after daily work.
In the future, symptoms of features 2 and 3 stages (with growth) appear:
- Pain becomes acute and prolonged;
- swelling in the joints;
- The appearance of fluid in the joints is possible;
- Between the joint surface, the infringement of the cartilage, the meniscus, the synovial villi may be, as a result there is a sharp immobility (it can also pass significantly);
- Difficult to step into the feet;
- The joint movement develops.
The development rate of the dystrophic process and the degree of severity of the symptoms depend on the presence or absence of additional traumatic factors.For example, pressure or inflammation in the body will speed up the destructive process.
A pathological diagnosis
For gonarthrosis diagnosis, they use:
- blood tests (general and biochemistry);
- Radiography;
- arthroscopy;
- Ultrasound;
- MRI.
The most important diagnostic method for confirming the diagnosis of gonarthrosis is radiography. Although it is not possible to consider the early stages of the disease and the condition of the cartilagin tissue in the X -Rays, however, bone changes in the 2nd and 3rd stages are clearly visible. These:
- narrow together;
- Located along the contour of the bone, the edge of the nail patella - osteophytes;
- changes in periosteum;
- Change the height of one condyle and the other.
However, you can consider more detailed changes using arthroscopy. With its help, you can determine the condition of the cartilage, menisci, synovial membrane. It is less common because of the possibility of severe trauma joints, because, in fact, this is a mini operation, consisting of several punctures. Sometimes arthroscopy is used to treat knee joints (if there is a need to remove a piece of cartilage or damaged meniscus).
Ultrasound and MRI help detect changes in the soft tissue of the knee joint with early arthrosis. This method also shows cartilage, synovial membranes and fluids.
Treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
The symptoms of knee joint arthrosis are to lend itself to conservative treatment in the early stages. This leads to long forgiveness. Drug therapy, physio, exercise therapy, massage, folk remedies in the form of ointment and interrupting compression are used. If the method still does not produce the yield and the joint deformation continues to develop, the pain increases, then use the surgical intervention.
The results of treatment largely depend on the person himself, as only daily implementation targeted by therapeutic methods will help maintain the performance and quality of life for a long time.
Physiotherapy treatment of knee joint arthrosis according to the identified symptoms
Physiotherapy methods have multidirectional actions:
- Relieving/reducing pain;
- restoring impaired metabolism in the articular structure;
- stimulate chondrocytes activity;
- Stop the inflammation process and more.
Here are the most common physical methods for treating knee joint arthrosis symptoms.
| UV exposure | Eliminates pain | 4-6 irradiation |
| Uhf | Reduces capillary permeability, stimulates exchange in cells, eliminates inflammation | 8-12 procedures |
| Magnetotherapy | Stimulates cell immunity and tissue regeneration | 12 sessions |
| Ultrafonophoresis | Increases blood flow, reduces swelling, stimulates the regeneration of chondrocytes | 10-12 procedures |
In addition to paraffin therapy listed in the form of applications, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths, and dirt is widely used to treat gonartrosis.
Exercise therapy as a way of treating knee joint arthrosis
LFK classes with gonarthrosis are carried out in such a way to provide joints with the smallest load, for this you can sit or lie down. The simplest, but effective exercise is shin shaking like a pendulum. Larger effects can be achieved if the load is bound on the feet. In this case, the tension or relaxation of the muscles will be clearly felt.
In a horizontal position, you can simulate your bike by raising your feet and "paddling". If physical condition allows (symptoms of knee joint arthrosis), then for treatment, it is recommended to use exercise bikes. Such movements act not only on the knees, but also in the hips, as well as the ankle joints, strengthen all muscle groups.
Massage treatment with symptoms of knee joint arthrosis
With gonarthrosis, massage is prescribed to prevent or eliminate muscle atrophy. The movement of the massage acts on the muscle tissue that changes in three -more.
- From prolonged acting in the muscles, the form of adhesion. Massage movements destroy them, acting mechanically.
- Stretch movement stimulates sensitive receptors in muscle cells. As a result, their conservation is restored and the tone increases.
- In muscle tissue, blood circulation is restored. This improves the metabolic process in the articular structure.
Knee massage is done in the following order: first they massage the thighs (wiping, shaking, kneading, wiping). Each movement must be done 3-4 times. Then proceed to the joints. By his side, rubbing and rubbing used 3-5 times. Encouraging is done in a circular movement, and rubbing in a straight line.
Again they massage the thighs, joints again and again - thighs. In the next stage, careful bending and extension in the joints (5-7 times), as well as neat rotation with shin and outdoors (5-7 times), are performed. Massage is prepared by wiping the knee in the most painful place.
Such techniques are more effective in warm water - about 38 degrees - or after bathing. The intensity depends on the presence/absence of pain.
Surgical treatment of knee joint arthrosis
Indications for surgery are damage to meniscus, ligaments, severe damage to the articular structure. Often, this occurs in 3 stages of gonarthrosis, when therapy becomes ineffective. Although surgery does not cure knee joint arthrosis, symptoms and treatment significantly reduce their intensity: pain loss, the possibility of support in the foot. After that, long and common conservative therapy should be prescribed.
The method of treatment primarily chooses:
- osteotomy;
- arthroplasty;
- arthrodesis;
- Endoprosthetics.
Treatment of symptoms of knee joint arthrosis with folk remedies
Symptoms of knee joint arthrosis are treated with folk medicine. Of course, they cannot stop the process completely, and eliminate existing deformations, but, using it as an additional tool, you can eliminate pain, remove swelling, increase mobility. To do this, use cream, rub, ointment, infusion and other external products and inside.
- Take the 5th Schedule. L. Oats (you can grind it on a coffee grinder), pour 500 ml of water and boil for 10-15 minutes. From the resulting boil, make compression to the knee joint that lasts for about an hour.
- Mix one part of the soil hop with 4 parts of petroleum jelly and rub the knee 3-4 times daily for 2-3 weeks. Then you need to rest, switch to another tool.
- Mix Hop Hop Grass, Bunker and Wort St. John in one section (for example, 10 g each). Draise mixes with 5 parts of petroleum jelly and rubs in joints 2 times a day.
- During the day, drink a pine bud. For a glass of water, you need 10 g of kidneys. Boil for 5-10 minutes, tension.
Features -Features and water consumption with knee joint arthrosis
Speaking of the characteristics of diseases such as knee joint arthrosis (symptoms and treatment), folk medicine can also be considered compliance with diet and water consumption. All symptoms are due to metabolic disorders, and metabolism directly depends on the food used and fluid. Therefore, no conservative treatment will benefit if you do not review your diet.
Special attention to food should be paid to at -risk people. Reduces the calorie content of the dish, breakdown of fractions, changes in cooking technology - all of which contribute to the gradual weight loss. In addition, salt should be limited, fine products, fast food and half -finished products should be eliminated.
The use of fluid is also important. Because arthrosis is caused by loss of water in the cartilage, people with gonartrosis diagnosis should drink plenty of fluids. In order not to form swelling, you should keep the removal of excess fluid from the body. You can use diuretics or medicine. You need to drink about 2 liters a day of clean water, avoid carbonated drinks, coffee or tea.
If you have symptoms of knee joint arthrosis, start treatment immediately. The sooner you start the struggle, the more opportunities to stop the destruction. There should be all the methods in the service to affect the disease from different sides. About 20% of people with such a diagnosis, thanks to perseverance and patience. Healthy!